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33  WBT  MAIN  STMH 

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CiHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  ISAicroreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microraproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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to 


The  Institute  ha«  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


rri/Coloured  covers/ 
L_j   Couverture  de  couleur 


n 

D 

D 
D 
D 
D 

a 


D 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagte 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pelliculAe 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couvsrture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli(6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadovim  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
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Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text,  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  Icrsque  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pafa  4t4  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6ti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


I     I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauries  et/ou  peiliculAes 

r~]/Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
l^i    Pages  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prin 

Qualiti  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprenri  du  mntiriel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


r  nxShowthrough/ 

Uif  T 

I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~~1    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  havu  been  refiimed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurciec  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  dti  filmies  A  nouveau  de  faqon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


T» 

PC 
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sii 

01 


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This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film4  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


s/ 


26X 


30X 


12X 


im 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmA  f ut  reproduit  grflce  it  ia 
gAnArosltA  de: 

Bibiiothique  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  4tA  reproduites  avec  ie 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  ia  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  fiimt,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  ilhnBd 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), (    the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  siipiies. 

i^aps.  plates,  charts,  etc/iyiav^o  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  |oo  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  en  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  thd 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmte  en  commengant 
par  l«*  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  ia 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  ie  second 
plat,  salon  Ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmfo  en  commen9ant  par  ia 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
ia  dernlAre  page  q'ji  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  Ie 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
roproduit  en  un  seul  ciich6.  il  est  film*  A  nartir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

i^. 


9 


R 


EJ 


NOV 


^ff. 


r 


w 


THE   GREA.T 


RAILWAY    ENTERPRISE, 


FROM 


(( 


WHITEHAVEN"    HAEBOR, 


ON   THE 


EASTERN  COAST  OF  NOTA  SCOTIA,  TO  THE  HEAD  OF  THE  BAY  OF  FUNDI; 


OR 


A  PLAN  TO  SHORTEN  THE  PASSAGE 


BETWEEN 


EUROPE   AND    AMERICA, 


AND  ALSO  TO  GIVE 


A  CONTINUOUS  LAND  ROUTE 


'HHjB^*'^  ^**^'"^-l   I 


* 

•**i^ 


THROUGH  ? 

NOVA  SCOTIA,  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  AND  ALL  THE  UNITED  STATES,  WITH 
THE  CANADAS  ALSO  INCLUDED. 


<♦> 


0 


BOSTON: 
J.    E.   FARWELL  AND  COMPANT,  PRINT 

87UOMORBS8STBEET, 

/v   ;.■:         ",■-  -  ■-■    1866. 


■1  ^.'  m  ■ 


■n^p^BP^pun  . 


I'""""""         II   IP'.«"^W"W!P<B""™'^PI«WHW««B|WPPPPPHBPIPI 


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-;*t*K-««M;^*f^'!>:>':>j*i^  =-,*'"J5ifciiJ';  i. 


.■.■^i,-.!iS   .'H  -     .i'Ji,.f».r, 


^V:i^,-.,*,#^jis.V.-i^i(i».t-5,^i..^^-ji*  -.-  .,%»«>viiJ.,-^i^v^;^TT^^;rit-^--J 


THE   GREAT 


RAILWAY    ENTERPRISE, 


PBOM 


"WHITEHAVEN"    HAHBOR, 


ON    THB 


EASTERN  COAST  OF  NOVA  SCOTTA,  TO  THE  HEAD  OF  THE  BAY  OF  FUNDI ; 


OB 


A  PLAN  TO  SHORTEN   THE  PARSAOK 

BETWEEN 

EUROPE   AND    AMERICA. 

AND   ALSO  TO  OIVB 

A   CONTINUOUS   LAND   ROUTE 

THROUOH 

NOVA  SCOTIA,  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  AND  ALL  THE  UNITED  STATES,  WITH 
THE  CANADA8  AT-SO  INCLUDED. 


<♦» 


BOSTON: 
J.    E.    FARWELL   AND  COMPANY,    PRINTERS, 

37    CONGKB88    Strket, 

1865. 


i 


FLAN. 


The  great  desire  of  the  present  age  is  to  progress  in  every- 
thing that  may  tend  to  advance  the  general  good.  And  for  this 
purpose,  the  quickest,  the  shortest,  and  least  expensive  mode  of 
communication  between  the  peoples  of  Europe  and  America 
should  be  everywhere  laid  hold  of  and  encouraged. 

Now,  the  object  of  the  great  work  herein  proposed,  is  to 
bring  about  that  great  and  magnificent  end  before  us ;  and  the 
writer  of  this  brief  pamphlet  on  the  subject  wishes  to  draw  tho 
attention  of  the  leading  capitalists  of  Europe,  and  especially 
of  America,  to  the  consideration  of  the  two  nearest  jmnts  to 
each  other  on  both  continents,  so  as  to  enlist  and  interest  them 
in  the  working  out  of  this  so  much  needed  desideratum  of  our 
age. 

With  a  view  to  the  accomplishment  of  this  vast  work,  herein 
to  be  set  forth,  the  British  government,  in  1846,  sent  out  to 
Nova  Scotia  the  late  famous  Admiral  Owen,  with  orders  to 
survey  the  harbors  of  Halifax  and  Whitehaven,  the  two  greatest 
seaports  upon  the  coast  there;  and  to  report  to  them  after- 
wards on  their  respective  capabilities  as  steamship  harbors, 
&c.,  so  that  a  decision  might  be  arrived  at  as  to  which  of  them 
should  be  selected  as  the  "terminus"  of  the  thc7i  intended 
Intercolonial  Eailway. 

The  Report  of  Admiral  Owen,  is  as  follows :  — 

♦*  The  nearest  accessible  harbor  to  Cape  Canso,  at  the  Eastern 


4 


h 


land's  end  of  Nova  Scotia,  is  Whitehaven,  in  lat.  45  deg.,  10 
min.  N.,  long.  61  deg.  10  min.  W.,  and  is  a  most  splendid 
and  commodious  port,  at  the  nearest  available  point  of  North 
America  to  Ireland,  its  natural  facilities  grcalhj  exceeding  those 
of  HulifaXf  or  any  other  point  upon  the  coast." 

Mnjor  Kobinson  and  Captain  Henderson,  British  engineers, 
also,  by  order  of  their  government,  made  subsequent  surveys  of 
both  these  harbors  again,  and  of  the  lines  of  railway  from  both 
to  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy ;  and  their  Report  too  is  still 
before  the  world,  corroborating  the  previous  one  of  the  late 
Admiral  Owen. 

Their  Report  runs  thus  :  — 

•'  The  great  obstacle  in  the  Railway  line  from  Halifiix  to  the 
head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  is  the  range  of  the  Cobequid  Moun- 
tains, \^hich  extend  all  along  the  North  Shore  of  the  Bay  of 
Minas,  and  very  nearly  across,  but  not  quite,  to  the  shore  at 
the  Straits  of  Northumberland.  In  breadth,  the  range  pre- 
serves nearly  an  uniform  width  of  about  ten  miles.  In  altitude, 
the  hills  average  from  800  to  1000  feet.  The  lowest  point, 
after  a  careful  survey,  was  found  to  be  at  the  Folly  Lake,  six 
hundred  feet  above  the  sea.  This  range  can  he  avoided  and 
passed  hij  the  Whitehaven  and  direct  route,  hut  must  he  surmountid 
and  crossed  over  by  the  Hall/ax  and  Eastern  line."  (Route 
No.  2.^ 

John  A.  Poor,  Esq.,  of  Portland,  Me.,  one  of  the  greatest 
railroad  men  of  the  day,  and  the  greatest  public  benefactor  in 
works  of  enterprise  in  the  United  States,  in  his  **  Circular," 
with  others  like  himself,  previous  to  the  Portland  Great  Rail- 
way Convention  held  there  in  1850,  and  which  he  originated, 
speaks  thus :  — 

"  The  plan  of  extending  a  line  of  railway  through  the  State 
of  Maine,  and  to  some  good  harbor  on  the  eastern  coast  of 


Nova  Scotia  (Whitehaven),  has  long  been  regarded  as  a  mcaa- 
uro  of  the  highest  importance  to  the  commercial  interests  of  this 
continent  and  Europe.         ....... 

' '  Tlie  Athintic  can  be  most  readily  crossed  from  tlie  eastern 
const  of  Nova  Scotia  to  the  western  coast  of  Ireland,  thence  My 
railway  to  Dublin  and  by  steam  to  Holly  Head,  whence  the 
Menai  Strait  is  crossed  by  the  Britannia  Tubular  Bridge,  and 
so  to  London  or  Liverpool,  or  any  part  of  Great  Britain  or  the 
continent  of  Europe." 

* 

At  the  Portland  Railway  Convention  of  1850,  delegates  from 
most  of  the  New  England  States  and  from  all  the  Provinces, 
attended  to  discuss  and  forward  the  then  and  stlU  intended 
♦•  European  and  North  American  Railroad,"  and  the  following 
are  extracts  from  the  speeches  of  some  of  them  on  that 
memorable  occasion. 

Mr.  Johnson,  the  delegate  from  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in 
referring  to  the  Halifax  line  to  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
said :  — 

*'  The  engineering  difficulties  by  this  (the  Halifax  route),  to 
bo  overcome  in  many  places,  will  be  great,  particularly  in 
passing  round  the  base  of  the  Cobequid  Mountains,"  &c. 

D.  E.  Ncal,  Esq.,  of  Salem,  Mass.,  and  President  of  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  in  a  letter  to  John  A.  Poor,  Esq.,  of  Port- 
land, Me.,  then  wrote,  as  follows:  "The  distance  from 
Cape  Canso,  or  Whitehaven  to  Galway,  being  one  third  less 
than  from  Liverpool  to  New  York,  one  third  less  wcisrht  of 
water,  fuel  and  provisions,  would  be  required  only,  &c." 

Lieut.  Maury,  Chief  Astronomer  of  the  National  Observa- 
tory of  the  United  States,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Poor,  then  also 
wrote,  as  follows,  supporting  the  foregoing  theory  :  — 

**  It  is  proposed  to  extend  the  railway  from  Portland  to  the 


r 


■iwT^TP*" 


lower  British  Provinces,  and  through  them  to  a  point  (White- 
haven) on  the  eastern  coast  of  Nova  Scotia.  A  line  of 
stenmers  t/ience  to  Galwny,  in  Ireland,  •  •  ♦  would  narrow 
the  Atlantic  down  almost  to  a  ferry.  The  navigable  distance 
from  land  to  land,  by  this  route,  being  but  little  over  2000 

nautical  miles. 

**  The  passage  across  the  Atlantic  can  be  performed,  when 
the  line  of  your  Trunk  road  is  pushed  over  into  Nova  Scotia, 
in  a  week ;  and  this  routu  will  shorten  one  third  the  sailing 
distance  between  London  and  New  York,  and  Boston  and 
Paris,  &c." 

On  the  foregoin/T,  see  map  prefixed. 

John  Appleton,  Esq.,  at  the  Portland  Railroad  Cc  ivention, 
in  his  speech,  then  said  :  ''The  Atlantic  ferry  is  now  a  fixed 
fact ;  and  it  only  remains  for  us  to  use  it  to  the  best  advantage, 
or,  in  other  words,  to  make  it  as  short  as  possible.  This  we 
propose  to  do  by  a  railway  to  Cape  Canso,  or  rather  to  White- 
haven," &c. 

Mr.  Kerr,  one  of  the  Nova  Scotia  delegates,  then  also 
remarked  in  his  speech :  — 

*•  A  railway  from  Whitehaven,  in  Nova  Scotia,  to  Boston, 

would  caiTy  passengers,  with  a  profit,  for  £10.     The  proposed 

line  obviates  tlw  most  difficult  and  dangerous  points  of  navigation 

from  Europe  to  the  United  States.     It  is  the  shortest  and  most 

direct  route,  and  it  is  the  quickest,"  &c.,  &c. 

The  line  of  rail  from  Whitehaven  to  the  head  of  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  together  with  avoiding  all  engineering  difficulties  in  the 
way,  would  pass  through  the  rich  gold  mining  districts  of 
Guysboro'  County,  through  the  fine  agricultural  County  of 
Sydney,  or  Antigonish,  through  the  coal-fields  of  Pictou,  a 
part  of  Colchester  County,  and  through  the  splendid  County  of 


Cumberland;  and  all  along  the  line  building  materials  are 
cheap  and  easily  obtained,  being  numerous  and  abundant  every- 
where and  on  the  spot.  The  best  of  lands  might  be  cheaply 
purchased  along  the  line,  and  thereto  emigration  would  flow 
and  flourish. 


i\ 


WHITEHAVEN  HARBOR  AND  ITS  ADVANTAGES. 


Whitehaven  is  seven  miles  long  from  its  entrance  to  its 
head,  artd  in  width  ia  from  a  mile  to  one  half  a  mile,  and  so  on, 
down  to  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  its  head.  It  is  well  fortified, 
a  very  Sebastopol  by  nature,  with  its  noble  headlands,  east 
and  west,  and  between  these  headlands,  about  one  half  a  mile 
apart,  there  is  a  picturesque  and  beautiful  island,  called 
"  T/iree  Top"  and  to  tho  east  of  that  again  is  another  island, 
with  a  lighthouse  thereon,  thus  giving  to  the  harbor  four 
splendid  passages  for  ships  of  the  largest  size.  The  depth  of 
water  throughout  may  vary  from  seven  to  eight,  and  on  to 
twenty  fathoms  even  to  its  very  head ;  and  by  all  experienced 
navigators,  who  ever  visited  it,  has  been  always  pronounced 
to  be  one  of  the  finest  steamship  harbors  upon  the  coast  of 
America. 

Its  natural  sidvantagea  are  numerous  and  various, — it  is  the 
centre  of  all  (he  great  Jishcrics  around  the  coast ;  and  in  that 
branch  of  trade  presents  the  most  desirable  opening  for  men  of 
business. 

Its  granite  resources  are  inexhaustibie,  and  in  building  ope.  ^- 
tions  would  be  most  useful. 

Its  water  privileges,  too,  are  great  indeed.  The  finest  of 
rivers,  in  many  places,  may  bo  found  flowing  into  it. 

IVhinstone  flags  of  a  very  large  size  abound  there,  and  can 
bo  easily  quarried  out,  and  be  made  a  profitable  article  of 
export  to  other  places. 


' 


Indications  of  oil-springs  are,  in  many  places  there,  numerous 
and  most  encouraging. 

And,  lastly,  Whitehaven  being  so  bold  upon  the  coast,  and, 
therefore,  favored  with  a  gentle  undulation  forever  naturally 
setting  in  there,  can  never  freeze  up ;  and  even  upon  the  sworn 
testimony  of  its  oldest  inhabitants,  it  has  never  been  known  to 
freeze  up,  even  in  the  hardest  winters. 

Steamships  coming  from  Europe,  always  mdke  Cape  Canso 
or  Whitehaven,  Jirst  of  all  other  places  vpon  the  boast,  and, 
therefore,  (Halifax  being  120  miles  oat  of  the  way),  with  a 
line  of  steamers  from  England  or  Ireland  to  Whitehaven,  and 
the  terminus  of  the  European  and  North  American  Railway 
being  there  to  forward  freight  and  passengers,  all  would  be 
more  than  half  way  to  the  United  States,  or  the  Canadas, 
before  a  steamer  from  Whitehaven  would  have  made  the  run  to 
Halifax,  spending  in  the  trip,  at  least,  ten  hours,  —  a  useless 
waste  of  time,  —  and  which  might  and  ought  to  be  saved  by 
the  Whitehaven  and  direct  route,  as  shown  upon  the  best 
authority. 

A  charter  ib  already  granted  by  the  legislature  of  Nova 
Scotia  to  run  J?  branch  line  of  railroad  from  Whitehaven  into  the 
Main  Trunk  Line  from  Halifax  on  its  way  to  the  head  of  the 
Bay  of  Fundy.  But  as  Nova  Scotia  is  rather  a  slow  coach  in 
these  matters,  it  is  here  proposed  to  get  up  a  company  of  the 
great  capitalists  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  especially  of 
Boston,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia,  to  take  up  this  work ; 
and  while  Halifax  may  go  on  with  her  own  line  to  the  head  of 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  they  too  can  run  an  independent  line  from 
Whitehaven  to  the  same  point  to  connect  with  the  New  Bruns- 
wick section,  which,  westerly,  is  intended  to  meet  the  State  of 
Maine  line,  and  thus  a  continuous  and  unbroken  railway  com- 
munication may  be  had  through  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick , 
and  all  the  United  States,  with  even  the  Canadas  included. 
A  line  of  steamships  from  either  England  or  licland  to  touch 


10 


at  Whitehaven,  in  connection  with  this  proposed  railway,  in  the 
transportation  of  freight  and  passengers  there  between*  Europe 
and  America,  would  make  it  eventually  one  of  the  greatest 
places  on  the  continent  of  America ;  because  it  would  become, 
in  this  way,  the  landing  place,  and  also  the  place  of  departure 
to  and  from  America,  from  and  to  all  parts  of  Europe ;  and 
the  work  itself  would  become  one  of  the  greatest  and  most 
paying  enterprises  of  the  age  in  which  we  live. 

In  conclusion,  the  whole  affair  is  well  worthy  the  serious 
attention  of  the  grr  .t  railroad  minds  and  capitalists  of  the  day, 
?.nd  to  it  their  views  are  now  solicited. 

Much  more  might  here  be  said  in  favor  of  Whitehaven  and 
the  work  herein  proposed;  but  what  has  been  said,  though 
brief,  is  full  and  comprehensive,  and  suggestive  of  the  grandest 
views  to  men  of  experience  and  progressive  minds. 

For  further  information  in  connection  with  this  business, 
application  may  be  made  to 

G.  W.  BUSTEED, 

21  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


*■ 


Where  charts,  reports,  and  all  particulars  regarding  the 
formation  of  the  Company,  are  now  ready  for  inspection. 
Gentlemen  of  London,  Liverpool,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Boston,  Portland,  Bangor,  and  St.  John,  N.  B.,  are  invited 
to  join  in  this  great  enterprise. 

Offices  will  be  opened  in -all  those  cities,  as  the  business 
progresses,  to  take  up  subscription?  to  complete  the  line. 

Gentlemen  in  all  the  above  cities  are  invited  to  correspond 
on  the  subject  as  above. 


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